Dryden Home > Collections > Photo Home > M2-F1 Aircraft > Photo # E-10254 |
M2-F1 ground test firing of "instant L/D" rocket | ||
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Photo Number: | E-10254 | |
Photo Date: | August 5, 1963 | |
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Formats: | 558x480 JPEG Image (53 KBytes) 1190x1024 JPEG Image (393 KBytes) 3030x2606 JPEG Image (4,073 KBytes) |
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Photo Description: |
The M2-F1 Lifting Body is seen here testing its "instant L/D rocket" on the lakebed at NASA's Flight Research Center (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California. The M2-F1 was an experimental aircraft. Its outer plywood shell was built by sailplane maker Gus Briegleb, while the internal frame was built at the Flight Research Center. The instant lift-over-drag (L/D) rocket was developed at the Navy facility at China Lake, California | |
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Project Description: |
The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially concieved as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle. In 1962, Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept. It would look like a "flying bathtub," and was designated the M2-F1, the "M" referring to "manned" and "F" referring to "flight" version. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963.
The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph. These initial tests produced enough flight data about the M2-F1 to proceed with flights behind the C-47 tow plane at greater altitudes. The C-47 took the craft to an altitude of 12,000 where free flights back to Rogers Dry Lake began. Pilot for the first series of flights of the M2-F1 was NASA research pilot Milt Thompson. Typical glide flights with the M2-F1 lasted about two minutes and reached speeds of 110 to l20 mph. A small solid landing rocket, referred to as the "instant L/D rocket," was installed in the rear base of the M2-F1. This rocket, which could be ignited by the pilot, provided about 250 pounds of thrust for about 10 seconds. The rocket could be used to extend the flight time near landing if needed. More than 400 ground tows and 77 aircraft tow flights were carried out with the M2-F1. The success of Dryden's M2-F1 program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers--the M2-F2 and the HL-10, both built by the Northrop Corporation, and the U.S. Air Force's X-24 program, with an X-24A and -B built by Martin. The Lifting Body program also heavily influenced the Space Shuttle program. The M2-F1 program demonstrated the feasibility of the lifting body concept for horizontal landings of atmospheric entry vehicles. It also demonstrated a procurement and management concept for prototype flight test vehicles that produced rapid results at very low cost (approximately $50,000, excluding salaries of government employees assigned to the project). |
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NASA Photo by: | NASA photo | |
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Keywords: | M2; M2-F1; Lifting Body; R. Dale Reed; instand L/D rocket; Pontiac Catalina convertible; ground-tow; Milt Thompson; C-47; aero tows; proof-of-concept; NASA; Flight Research Center; Dryden Flight Research Center; U.S. Air Force |
Dryden Home > Collections > Photo Home > M2-F1 Aircraft > Photo # E-10254 |
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Last Modified: February 6, 2002 |